Carbon markets, institutions, policies, and research

The scale of investment needed to slow greenhouse gas emissions is larger than governments can manage through transfers. Therefore, climate change policies rely heavily on markets and private capital. This is especially true in the case of the Kyoto Protocol with its provisions for trade and investment injoint projects. This paper describes institutions and policies important for new carbon markets and explains their origins. Research efforts that explore conceptual aspects of current policy are surveyed along with empirical studies that make predictions about how carbon markets will work and perform. The authors summarize early investment and price outcomes from newly formed markets and point out areas where markets have preformed as predicted and areas where markets remain incomplete. Overall the scale of carbon-market investment planned exceeds earlier expectations, but the geographic dispersion of investment is uneven and important opportunities for abatement remain untapped in some sectors, indicating a need for additional research on how investment markets work. How best to promote the development and deployment of new technologies is another promising area for study identified in the paper.Carbon Policy and Trading,Energy and Environment,Environment and Energy Efficiency,Climate Change,Transport and Environment

Stream bundle management layer for optimum management of co-existing telemedicine traffic streams under varying channel conditions in heterogeneous networks.

Heterogeneous networks facilitate easy and cost-effective penetration of medical advice in both rural and urban areas. However, disparate characteristics of different wireless networks lead to noticeable variations in network conditions when users roam among them e.g. during vertical handovers. Telemedicine traffic consists of a variety of real-time and non real-time traffic streams, each with a different set of Quality of Service requirements. This paper discusses the challenges and issues involved in the successful adaptation of heterogeneous networks by wireless telemedicine applications. We propose the development of a Smart Bundle Management (SBM) Layer for optimally managing co-existing traffic streams under varying channel conditions in a heterogeneous network. The SBM Layer acts as an interface between the applications and the underlying layers for maintaining a fair sharing of channel resources. Internal priority management algorithms are explained using Coloured Petri nets. This paper lays the foundation for the development of strategies for efficient management of co-existing traffic streams across varying channel conditions

Proactive policy management for heterogeneous networks

Context-awareness is a vital requirement of heterogeneous devices which allows them to predict future network conditions with sufficient accuracy. In this paper we present a proactive modelling-based approach for policy management which allows the mobile node to calculate Time Before Vertical Handover for open and closed environments. The paper explains how the knowledge of this component can improve the manner in which multi-class traffic streams are allocated to available network channels. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the concept

Client-based SBM layer for predictive management of traffic flows in heterogeneous networks

In a heterogeneous networking environment, the knowledge of the time before a vertical handover (TBVH) for any network is vital in correctly assigning connections to available channels. In this paper, we introduce a predictive mathematical model for calculating the estimated TBVH component from available network parameters and discuss the different scenarios that arise based on a mobile host’s trajectory. We then introduce the concept of an intelligent Stream Bundle Management Layer (SBM) which consists of a set of policies for scheduling and mapping prioritised traffic streams on to available channels based on their priority, device mobility pattern and prevailing channel conditions. The layer is also responsible for the maintenance of connections during vertical handovers to avoid their forced termination

Proactive policy management using TBVH mechanism in heterogeneous networks.

In order to achieve seamless interoperability in heterogeneous networking, it is vital to improve the context-awareness of the mobile node (MN) so that it is able to predict future network conditions with sufficient accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a predictive mathematical model for calculating the estimated Time Before Vertical Handover (TBVH) component from available network parameters. The model is practically implemented in OPNET and our simulation results confirm the validity of the concept. We then demonstrate how the knowledge of TBVH along with other network parameters can be applied by downward Quality of Service management policies which bundle multi-class traffic streams on to available network channels based on application QoS, device mobility patterns and prevailing channel conditions

Indirect Rapid Molds for Prototype Lost-Foam Pattern Production 506

Lost-foam (also known as Expendable Pattern Casting, EPC) is an ever-growing metalmcasting technique, capable of producing complex metal components without parting lines. Mold preparation for lost-foam casting is typically accurate, but expensive and slow. The goal of this research was to develop a new approach for producing rapid lost-foam molds. With this new approach, patterns generated by SFF technology are used to form indirect composite lost-foam molds. Ultimately, our objective is to produce these molds quickly, accurately, and inexpensively. This new approach to lost-foam mold-making will be explained as well as the results of one trial.Mechanical Engineerin

May-thurner syndrome: A cause of acute left Iliac vein obstruction in early postpartum period: A case report

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a rare disease common in middle aged females, characterised by left-sided lower limb Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to compression of the left iliac vein by the overriding right iliac artery. Pregnancy and puerperal phases are one of the hypercoagulable states further predisposing towards thrombus formation. Treatment includes both conservative and interventional (venous thrombectomy with or without stenting). Here we report a case of a 34- year-old female in her early postpartum period who visited the Agha Khan University Hospital in July 2016, with the onset of acute pain and swelling in the left leg. Her workup revealed left-sided Acute DVT, secondary to MTS. Her case was successfully managed with conservative treatment. This case is an important addition to medical literature in the sense that DVT occurring on the onset of postpartum period should not always be attributed to the hypercoagulability, secondary to pregnancy. With early diagnosis and aggressive m a na g em ent, M TS ca n be e a s il y m a n age

Contracting of primary health care services in Pakistan: is up-scaling a pragmatic thinking

Quite often, public health care systems in developing countries are struggling because of incompetence and a lack of provider responsiveness to the needs of consumers. On the contrary, the private sector dominates the system of health provision. In recent years, contracting has been experimented as an approach to ensure delivery of comprehensive public health services in an efficient, effective, superior and fair manner and has generally thrived well. The state\u27s healthcare system in Pakistan has suffered a lot, owing to structural fragmentation, resource scarcity, inefficiency and lack of functional specificity, gender insensitivity and inaccessibility. However, partnering with the private sector has shown some exceptional accomplishments. Though challenging but structural reforms, involving private health sector have become indispensable. The overall experience shows that up-scaling of such initiatives in the country would require lot of cautions to be taken by the government

Y-Comm: a global architecture for heterogeneous networking.

In the near future mobile devices with several interfaces will become commonplace. Most of the peripheral networks using the Internet will therefore employ wireless technology. To provide support for these devices, this paper proposes a new framework which encompasses the functions of both peripheral and core networks. The framework is called Y-Comm and is defined in a layered manner like the OSI model

The Analysis of Queuing Theory Process for Customer Services Delivery: A Case Study of MUET Examination Department Jamshoro.

The application of Queuing models as technique of Queue solution in issuing the certificates like (pass certificates, marks certificates, transcript and Degree) in examination department MUET, Jamshoro. Specially this study attempts to look at the problem of long Queues in Examination department MUET Jamshoro. The variables measured include arrival rate (λ) and service rate. The were analyzed for the data of April 2017 to May 2018 and the efficiency in students satisfactory through the use of multichannel queuing models which were compare for a number of queue performance. It was discovered that using a 11- server channel system was better than a 9-serrver model,7-serrver model, 5-serrver model, 3-serrver model and 2-server model. Keywords: students issuing certificates, multichannel Queuing Model, server efficiency, Queue Length, Queue Time